In 1809, the 21-year-old Arthur Schopenhauer matriculated at the University of Göttingen, nominally to study medicine and satisfy his interest in the natural sciences. In Göttingen, the skeptic Gottlob Ernst Schulze introduced... Read more »
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and the influence of early childhood experiences on personality. Alfred Adler, a former follower of Freud, broke away and developed his own... Read more »
Key Takeaways While Freud saw the human psyche through the lens of sexual and aggressive drives, with the unconscious as a warehouse of repressed trauma, Jung took a more expansive view. Jung... Read more »